德国教育;德国教育体制

FROM MAY 1ST the proud holders of doc­torates will no longer be allowed to put the title Dr in front of their name in Ger­man passports. For a country obsessed with qualifications-Prof Drs are fairly common and even Dr Drs not so rare-this decline in standing may be hard. But it is not as hard as the decline in German edu­cational standards. The most recent results from three very different testing regimes, comparing pu­pils of varied ages, point in a single direc­tion: downwards. The best-known, the Programme for International Student As­sessment (PISA), tests performance in maths, reading and science among 15-year­ olds across some 80 countries every three years. Its most recent scores confirm steep plunges in all three subjects in the past de­cade in Germany.

从5月1日起，持有博士学位的人将不再被允许在德国护照上将“博士”称号放在他们的名字前面。对于一个对资格证书如此执着的国家来说——博士教授相当普遍，甚至博士也不少见——这种地位的下降可能会很难接受。但这并不像德国教育标准的下降那么严重。最近三种完全不同的测试制度的结果，比较了不同年龄段学生的表现，都指向一个共同的方向：下降。最知名的是国际学生评估项目（PISA），它每三年在大约80个国家对15岁的学生进行数学、阅读和科学表现的测试。其最新的成绩确认了过去十年德国在这三个科目上的急剧下降。

A separate study that measures reading competence among fourth-graders across 65 countries, known by the acronym IGLU, found that 25.4% of the German cohort lacked adequate skills in 2021, up from 18.9% five years earlier and 17% in 2001. Meanwhile the latest survey of German­ language competence among ninth-grad­ers by IQB, an educational-research insti­tute that compares outcomes between German states, found that the proportions nationwide that fail to reach minimum standards in reading, listening and spell­ing had risen respectively by 9, 16 and 9 percentage points since 2015.

另一项测量65个国家四年级学生阅读能力的独立研究，被称为IGLU，发现2021年德国学生中有25.4% 缺乏足够的技能，而五年前这一比例为18.9%，2001年则为17%。与此同时，德国教育研究机构IQB最新进行的关于九年级学生德语能力的调查发现，自2015年以来，未能达到阅读、听力和拼写最低标准的学生比例在全国范围内分别上升了9、16和9个百分点。