双墩文化遗址(双墩文化遗址在哪个朝代建的)

首页 > 文化 > 正文

双墩文化遗址(双墩文化遗址在哪个朝代建的)

双墩文化遗址(双墩文化遗址在哪个朝代建的)

编者按

涂山,位于蚌埠,相传早在4000多年前大禹就在此劈山导淮。

涂山南麓,有个禹墟遗址。就是在这里,大禹会诸侯。

而同位于蚌埠境内的双墩遗址,距今更是有 7000 年左右的历史,是淮河流域早期文明的有力证据。双墩的刻画符号可以说是中国文字起源的重要源头之一。

涂山 TuShan Mountain

01 双墩遗址:远古深处的符号

双墩遗址位于蚌埠市淮上区双墩村原野上。

原野上有现代石碑,书写着“双墩文化遗址”,它作为遗址的标志以及被认可的勋章高高耸立着,有一些新石器时代的人物雕塑和器物围绕着它。没有什么悬念,从市区到这里只用了二十分钟,我确定自己站在了七千三百年前的史前遗址上。

蚌埠双墩文化遗址 Shuangdun cultural site in Bengbu city

皖北的风,也没有悬念,它只管带动着原野上的芦苇瑟瑟作响。风在远古时代是链接天地的工具,《山海经》中有记载:钟山之神,名曰烛阴,视为昼,瞑为夜;吹为冬,呼为夏。不饮,不食,不息,息为风,身长千里。当你独自在旷野,听这风吹过七千年的余响,还是会有所触动,你惊奇地发现,那枚被奉为淮河流域人文始祖的陶塑人面像,俯视着你,正露出雍容神秘的微笑。

新石器时代陶塑人头像 The pottery statue with a human face of the Neolithic Age

绕到石碑的背面,是后人刻上去的诸多更加神秘的刻画符号,它们曾经大量出现在七千年前的碗底底部,无论是行走的猪还是钻网的鱼,哪怕是一枚树叶呢,都高度提炼又栩栩如生,甚至可说浪漫;这些神秘的符号聚集在一起,便如同远古的巫师借助了风,向天地发射出邀请神和祖先的咒语;然而此刻,没有了巫师,风便吹不动它们,它们在这块高耸的碑上聚散着阴阳,负责给你无尽的遐想,也给艺术家无穷的创作素材。

新石器时代刻划符号纹黑陶碗 The black pottery bowl of the Neolithic Age engraved with symbols

整个双墩文化是建立在考古上的。在外行看来,遗址并没有什么特别,它们呈现的是考古挖掘的布局,那些规整的几何形状的坑里,埋藏着七千年的愁绪,而这七千年的愁绪不过是一百万平方米遗址的冰山一角;因此,双墩文化从一开始出现在人们面前就极端神秘,它是远古的,新石器的愁上面还累加着春秋的愁,它同时又是新的,因为远古的愁绪上又新添了唐宋的愁和现古人的愁。其实,所有的愁绪都在于我们惊羡七千年前先祖的创造力,同时又无法真正揭开它的面纱,陶塑人面像是酋长还是巫师?抑或既是酋长也是巫师?他(她)头顶的雕题是星星还是太阳?六百多枚刻画符号,仅仅是记事还是艺术创作?大量的动物骨骼和陶器碎片,是祭祀还是填水造陆?

新石器时代网鸟纹红陶碗 The red pottery bowl of the Neolithic Age engraved with birds

无论如何,史前历史背后,有些秘密永远湮灭在近万年时间里了。在寻找与确认的过程中,我们直面了历史的辽阔,却又无法抵达历史,这是一种纠缠,当这种纠缠始终困扰我们的时候,你会有更重要的收获:沧海桑田,千秋万代,孕育了双墩文化的淮河两岸,不仅有着你可以看见的现实火热,还和如此古老的文明共存,它改变了这块土地的历史进程,让我们产生了,对中国文化源头方面崭新的思考……

02 禹墟遗址:会盟诸侯咤春秋

禹墟的发现是“禹会诸侯於涂山,执玉帛者万国”(语出《左传》)的考古支撑,所以,当沉睡在地下四千年的祭祀台重见天日时,便为这片沧桑的土地注入了旷代的忧伤。我们应该如何理解这些忧伤呢?苏轼曾经写过一首名为《涂山》的七绝:

川锁支祁水尚浑,地理汪罔骨应存。

樵苏已入黄熊庙,乌鹊犹朝禹会村。

禹会村遗址发掘现场 The excavation site in Yuhui village

黄熊庙也就是鲧王庙,也叫崇伯观,为祭祀禹父鲧王的庙宇,位于涂山西麓,现已夷为平地。涂山不仅是禹会诸侯之所,也是大禹婚娶之地,感人的“三过家门而不入”等传说流传至今。所以,大禹,这个名字几乎可以直接替代“奉献”的含义。

禹会村遗址出土的陶器 Pottery excavated from the site of Yuhui village (Yuxu)

念及这些传说,登上涂山,并不见乌鹊寒鸦,倒是禹同女娇初会的桑石遗迹在阳光下熠熠生辉。享受阳光从后脑勺悄悄钻进脖子里的感觉,目光所及处,并不都是山,还有平原,平原尽头是森林,森林的线条隐藏在大自然的构图里,让你想象“夏之兴,源于涂山”的豪迈。目光收回,淮河就在眼前,都说她伤害过人千百次,才有大禹为之殚精竭虑,因治水三过家门而不入;如前所述,妻子望夫,化作石像,石像就在身后不远处。可是此刻无法想象淮河的暴怒,她在那里,敦厚和善,母性十足。她吸纳着所有过往,数千年风雨雷电,人间是非,爱恨情仇,她一点一点积淀和淘洗。风把天边那朵犹疑的云霞运到遥远的岸边,这一刻的淮河,低婉回旋,如梦如幻,触手可及。枯叶飘飞,果真有一只乌鹊从眼前掠过,发出了一些声响,然后是不可思议的宁静。

迤逦着下山,这条山路并没有多长,然而历史没有尽头。

鬼脸式鼎足(组图)又叫鸟首型鼎足,因外形酷似鬼脸或鸟首而得名,鬼脸型鼎足为龙山文化所特有、独有的器物特征。禹墟遗址发现的鬼脸式鼎足是与山东龙山文化同一时期的遗存。

自驾线路:

合肥绕城高速—蚌合高速—蚌淮高速—京台高速—禹都大道—淮上大道—双墩遗址

合肥绕城高速—蚌合高速—蚌淮高速—洞山东路—国庆东路—烟汕线—禹会村

In ancient China, wind was considered as a medium connecting the divine and the mortal. It was even believed to be the breath of god, as recorded in some Chinese classics. But it seems that there is nothing mysterious about the wind in North Anhui, for all it makes is merely the rustle of reeds in the meadow.

If you walk alone in Shuangdun site, a historical site in Bengbu city, North Anhui, however, it will still generate in you a sensation of solemnity when the wind that carries a history of over 7,000 years blows. Standing under the pottery statue with a human face, which is worshiped as the cultural ancestor of Huaihe River basin, you will be amazed at its elegant and mysterious smile.

At the back of the statue are carved many more mysterious symbols seen at the bottom of the bowls of 7,000 years ago. The walking pigs, the fishes trying to get free from the net, and a single leaf are so exquisite and vivid, even possessing romantic charms. All those mysterious symbols gathering together appear to be a spell sent to heaven and earth, cast by an ancient wizard summoning gods and ancestors with the power of wind. At this moment, however, without the ancient wizard, the wind cannot work its magic on these symbols. They silently lie in the towering statue, only to capture your imagination and inspire artists.

The discovery of Yuxu site, a ruin in Tushan Mountain, Bengbu city, offers archaeological support for Tushan Meeting, in which Yu the Great (a legendary ruler in ancient China who was famed for his flood control and establishment of the Xia dynasty which inaugurated dynastic rule in China) met with the leaders of each state and tribe in Tushan and officially established the Xia dynasty. Therefore, when the altar that had laid underground for 4,000 years was excavated, it added to this land a kind of sadness for being an unknown Chinese civilization center for so many years.

It is said that many people had lost their lives in Huaihe River, and that’s why Yu the Great had to spend 13 years in flood control. He was too busy to go home even passing by his own house several times, and his wife gazed in the direction of him day and night until she turned into a stone. Looking at the Huaihe River in front of you, with the stone sculpture standing not far behind, you can hardly imagine how furious this river could be. She just lies there, so serene and tender, yet having witnessed all stories flourishing or decaying for seven thousand years.

版权须知:未经本刊书面许可,任何人或单位不得以任何形式转载、摘编本刊图文内容。

✬如果你喜欢这篇文章,欢迎朋友圈✬

评论功能已开启,我们接受一切形式的吐槽和赞美☺

文:君娃

图:刘新义 王春生 黄奇

编辑:吴承江

《安徽文旅》中英文专辑第二期封面

由安徽省文化和旅游厅创办、安徽出版集团所属安徽画报社出版的《安徽文旅》中英文专辑,以“展示文旅业态,引领文旅风尚;讲述文旅故事,树立文旅标杆”为定位,旨在强化安徽文化旅游宣传,打造安徽文旅品牌,促进全域旅游发展,加快创新型文化和旅游强省建设。

《安徽文旅》中英文专辑以精致、精美、惊艳、精彩的风格追求,吸引海内外的读者。《安徽文旅》中英文专辑分送国内有关党政机关、文化和旅游部门、重点旅行商,并在省内旅游景区、旅游饭店、文化场所、机场、高铁站等场所投放,投递至我国驻外机构、外国驻华机构等,境外重点旅行商等。

备案号:赣ICP备2022005379号
华网(http://www.hbsztv.com) 版权所有未经同意不得复制或镜像

QQ:51985809邮箱:51985809@qq.com